Analytical Study of Nighttime Enhancements in TEC and related Amplitude Scintillation at Low Latitude Bhopal during Low Solar Activity Period

Abstract

As the ionosphere is dispersive in nature, the delay in the GPS signals is proportional to the inverse of the squared frequency and directly proportional to the refractive index of TEC. The TEC in turn depends on the geographic latitude, longitude, local time, season, geomagnetic activity and viewing direction. Some natural perturbation termed as irregularities, are present in the form of electron density of the ionosphere that cause disruption in the radio and satellite communications. Therefore the study of the ionospheric irregularities is of practical importance, if one wishes to understand the upper atmosphere completely. In order to make these communications uninterrupted the knowledge of irregularities, which are present in the ionosphere are very important. These irregularities can be located and estimated with the help of Ionospheric